You’ll need to be able to answer questions about:
The relationship between one’s identity and culture
is addressed in Chapter Seven. The
authors begin by defining the identity and providing examples of social
identities. With the concept
well-established, the discussion shifts to the models of identity acquisition
and development. The chapter concludes with an exploration of the dark side of
identity: stereotyping, prejudice, racism, and ethnocentrism.
I. Identity:
Defining the concept
II. The
influence of identity
III. Examining
social identities
A. Racial identity
B.
Gender identity
C. Ethnic identity
D. National identity
E. Regional identity
F. Organizational identity
G. Personal identity
H.
Cyberidentity and fantasy identity
I.
Other
identities
IV. Identity
acquisition and development
A. Multistage identity development models
V. Establishing and enacting cultural
identity
VI. Globalization and cultural identity
VII. Competency and identity in intercultural
interactions
Chapter
five contextualizes the study of intercultural communication by providing
overviews of cultural histories.
Although far from exhaustive, the chapter provides both the cultural
background and a historical sketch of the United States, Russia, China, Japan,
India, Mexico, and Islamic civilizations.
In addition, contemporary social issues facing each culture are also
addressed.
I. History’s
Influence
II. U.S.
History
Contemporary
social issues
III. Russian
history
A.
Contemporary
social issues
IV. Chinese
history
A.
Communicating
history
B.
Contemporary
social issues
V. Japanese
history
A.
Contemporary
social issues
VI. Indian
history
A.
Contemporary
social issues
VII. Mexican
history
A.
Contemporary
social issues
VIII. Historical
overview of Islamic civilization
A.
Muslim
demographics
B.
The
age of ignorance (Jahiliya)
C.
The
rise and spread of Islam
D.
Legacy
of Islamic history
XI. Developing historical memory competency for
intercultural communication interactions
With
the context of history and worldview to juxtapose against, Chapter Six examines
the concept of values. The authors begin
by introducing caveats for understanding both perception and values before
embarking on discussion of various models used to categorize and organize
groups based on cultulral values. Models include: Kohls’ “The Values Americans
Live By,” Hofstede’s value dimensions,”
Minkov’s monumentalism/flexhumility, Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s cultural
orientations, and Hall’s high/low context cultures. In addition, results of the GLOBE study are
presented along with a review of face/face-work and cultural patterns in
communication
I. Perception’s influence
II. Beliefs, values, and behaviors
I.
Understanding
cultural patterns
II.
Choosing cultural
patterns
V. Applying cultural patterns
A.
Kohls’ “the
values Americans live by”
1.
Personal control
over nature
2.
Change
3.
Time and its
control
4.
Equality/egalitarianism
5.
Individuality and
privacy
6.
Self-help control
7.
Competition and
free enterprise
8.
Future
orientation
9.
Action/work
orientation
10. Informality
11. Directness, openness, and honesty
12. Practicality and efficiency
13. Materialism
VI.
Other cultural
patterns typologies
B. Hall’s high-context and
low-context orientations
1.
High-context
2.
Low-context
C.Hofstede’s value dimensions
1.
Individualism/collectivism
2.
Uncertainty
avoidance
3.
Power distance
4.
Masculinity/femininity
5.
Long- and
short-term orientation
VII. Face and facework
VIII. Cultural patterns and communication
IX. Developing cultural value awareness
Chapter Eight focuses on
the interrelationship between language and culture. The importance and function of language is
explained, as well as the connection between language and the meanings it
represents. Before addressing issues related to language and intercultural
communication competence, the authors differentiate between translators and
interpreters while offering recommendations and advice. The chapter concludes
with a discussion of the benefits of learning a second language.
I. Functions of language
A. Social
interaction
B. Social
cohesion
C. Expressions
of identity
II. What is language?
A.
Characteristics
of language
1. Words are only
symbols
2. Words are arbitrary
3. Words evoke
denotative or connotative meanings
III.Language and culture
A.
Language and
thought
1. Accent
2. Dialect
3. Argot
4. Slang
B.
United States
6.Britain
7.Texting
8.Idioms
C.
Interpreting
1.Cultural
considerations in interpreting
2. Working
with interpreters
1.
Preparing for the session
2.
During the session
3.
Interpreting and technology
4.
Developing language competence in the intercultural setting
5. Learn a second language
6. Be
mindful
7. Be aware
of conversational taboos
8. Be
attentive to your speech rate
9. Be
conscious of differences in vocabulary
10. Attend
to nonverbal behavior
11. Be
aware of cultural variations in the use of language